NASA支援的研究南大洋在吸收二氧化碳方面的重要性＠PEREGRINE科滴

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NASA支援的研究南大洋在吸收二氧化碳方面的重要性

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1. 多因素影碳出地球海洋的通量，包括海洋表面的。模型示了，二氧化碳被海洋吸收(以色示)及放(色)的域。

By Sofie Bates,
NASA's Earth Science News Team

Research shows the Southern Ocean (the continuous body of salt water around Antarctica) absorbs much more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases. The findings confirm this ocean's role as a strong carbon sink and an important shield against some of the effects of human-caused greenhouse gas emissions.

研究示，南大洋(南洲周遭的水)大中吸收，多於放的碳。研究了，片海洋作大的碳，及抗一些人造成室排放之多影的重要屏障角色。

Observations from research aircraft show that the Southern Ocean absorbs much more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases, confirming it is a very strong carbon sink and an important buffer for some of the effects of human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, according to a new NASA-supported study.

根美航太署(NASA：National Aeronautics and Space Administration)支援的一新研究，自研究的多果示，南大洋大中吸收比放更多的碳。，它是一非常大的碳。因此是人造成室排放之某些影的重要。

Recent research had raised uncertainty about just how much atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) these icy waters absorb. Those studies relied on measurements of ocean acidity – which increases when ocean water absorbs CO₂ – taken by instruments that float in the ocean.

最近的研究已提出，有此些冰冷海域真正吸收多少大中之二氧化碳(CO2)的不定性。那些研究依，由漂浮於海洋中的多器，所得之海洋酸度(其在海水吸收二氧化碳增加)的量。

The new study, published in Science, used aircraft observations of CO2 to show that the Southern Ocean is a stronger carbon sink than previously thought, playing a significant role in lessening some of the impacts of greenhouse gases. Aircraft observations were collected over nearly a decade from 2009 to 2018 during three field experiments, including from NASA’s Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) in 2016.

表於《科》期刊的新研究利用了，二氧化碳的果，南大洋是一，在少室某些影上，扮演一重要角色之比以前被更的碳。此些，是在2009到2018近十年，包括於2016年，自NASA之大描任(Atom)的三地中，被收集的。

“Airborne measurements show a drawdown of carbon dioxide in the lower atmosphere over the Southern Ocean surface in summer, indicating carbon uptake by the ocean,” explained Matthew Long, lead author and a scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado.

首要撰文人，美家大研究中心(NCAR，位於美科拉多州博德市)的科家，Matthew Long解：「的量果，於夏季，南大洋表面上之低大中的二氧化碳下降，示海洋吸收碳。」

They found that the Southern Ocean absorbs significantly more CO2 in the Southern Hemisphere summer than it releases in the winter, making it a strong carbon sink. Data from the airborne campaigns also showed a larger amount of carbon absorbed by the Southern Ocean and smaller amount released than previous estimates using ocean acidity data.

他，在南半球夏季，南大洋著吸收了，比在冬季放的更多二氧化碳。使其成一大的碳。自此些之多行的也示，由南大洋吸收的碳量，比先前使用海洋酸度估的更大，而放的碳量少。

The findings highlight the importance of aircraft-based observations to understand carbon cycling. The research was funded by the National Science Foundation, NASA and NOAA.

些了，以的，解碳循的重要性。研究是由美家科基金、NASA及美家海洋暨大管理局(NOAA：National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)所助。

When human emissions of CO2 enter the atmosphere, some of that gas is absorbed by the ocean. Cold water from the deep ocean rises to the surface through a process called upwelling. Once at the surface, that colder water absorbs CO2 in the atmosphere – often with the help of photosynthesizing organisms called phytoplankton – before sinking again.

人排放的二氧化碳入大，其中一些那被海洋吸收。自深海的冷水，透一被海流上的程，上升到表。一旦到表，冷的水於再度下沉前，吸收大中的二氧化碳(往往是在得，被浮游植物之行光合作用的生物助下)。

Measurements of CO₂ and other ocean properties suggest that 40% of the human-produced CO₂ in the ocean, worldwide, was originally absorbed from the atmosphere into the Southern Ocean, making it one of the most important carbon sinks on our planet. But measuring the flux, or exchange, of CO₂ where the air meets the sea has been challenging.

二氧化碳及其他海洋性的量暗示，全球海洋中，40%人生的二氧化碳，原本是大中，被吸收到南大洋中。使其成咱地球上，最重要的碳之一。不，量空海洋交，二氧化碳的通量(也就是交)一直是挑。

In this study, the team used airborne measurements from three field experiments: ATom, HIPPO and ORCAS. Collectively, these projects captured a critical piece of information: the vertical gradient of CO2 in the atmosphere.

在此研究中，使用了，自三地的量果：ATom、供境研究使用之高性能表化平台的(HIPPO：HIAPER(High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research)Pole-to-Pole Observations)及海洋海岸分析系(ORCAS：Ocean Response Coastal Analysis System)。的，些得了一信息：二氧化碳於大中的垂直梯度。

For example, during the ORCAS campaign in early 2016, scientists saw a drop in CO₂ concentrations as the plane descended and high turbulence near the ocean surface, suggesting an exchange of gases like CO₂ between the air and ocean.

譬如，於2016年初，ORCAS行期，科家，下降及海洋表面附近有高湍流，二氧化碳度下降。暗示，空和海洋之存在一，像二氧化碳等的交。

Taking measurements of CO₂ over the course of several field experiments flying above the Southern Ocean gave the scientists a series of snapshots of the vertical change in CO₂ (called profiles) over time and throughout the seasonal carbon cycle.在南大洋上空行的次地程中，行的二氧化碳量，科家提供了，一系列有二氧化碳，及整季碳循之垂直化(被量曲)的概念。

These profiles, along with a suite of several atmospheric computer models, helped the team estimate the flux of how much CO₂ was being absorbed and released by the Southern Ocean throughout the year.