But some adaptation is likely to help
不，有些性改可能有助益
Feb 28th 2022
THE “ASSESSMENT REPORTS” from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change used to assess scientific extrapolations, the output of models and similar investigations into likely and frightening futures.
自政府候委的“估告”被用，估科推、模型出及可能可怕之未的似查研究。
The latest, sixth, assessment report, which comes eight years after the previous one, reflects how much has happened of late. It reads, for the first time, like something written from within the thick of things, an assessment of an ever more troubling present.
自先前一份8年後的最新、第6份估告，反映了最近已生多少事情。首度，宛如是深被露的事。是目前，越越令人的一份估。
The release of the first tranche of this new report, the bit that dealt with the state of the physical science of the climate system and climate change, came in August. The second tranche (of three, with a synthesis due later) arrived on February 28th. It reports on the impacts of that climate change, and on adaptation and vulnerability to it.
份新告，即涉及候系及候之物理科的第一部分，於2021年8月。第二部分(定的後第三部分，是一份合性告)於2022年2月28日。它告了候的影，及候的性改及脆弱性。
Like the first, this second tranche is the work of hundreds of authors who have ploughed through vast piles of peer-reviewed papers and other material, with their work then scrutinised by both peers and governments. Researchers and government officials then gathered to agree on phrasing that summarises those findings and advice.
第一部分一，第二部分是百位，翻了大量同行的文，及其他材料所撰文，之後受到同行及政府查之撰文人的作品。其後，研究人及政府官聚集在一起，那些及建的措成意一致。
The report as a whole is a huge, baggy and inevitably uneven affair. And as Nat Keohane, head of the Centre for Climate and Energy Solutions, an American think-tank, put it, “At the most basic level, [it] simply confirms what we already know: the damages from climate change are occurring already”. But what is known about the crisis that is under way bears some restating.
整，告是一件大、散且不可避免之差不的事。正如美智囊候暨能源解方案中心人，Nat Keohane所表述：「在最基本的面上，[]，我已知：自候的害已正生中。」 不，有行中之危被解的，需要有些重述。
The summary says clearly that things are getting worse, with observed increases in extreme high temperatures on land and in the seas, in torrential rain, in droughts and weather conducive to wildfires.
摘要清楚表示，情正在得更糟。因被察到，地上海洋中的端高、暴雨、乾旱及有助於野火的天，都在增加。
The changes are affecting people, animals and plants, with widespread shifts in the timing of the seasons and with half of the species scientists have looked at moving towards higher latitudes and/or higher altitudes to cool down (though it is possible that there is some bias there: data may be gathered for species already thought to be on the move more than they are for others).
由於季序中的泛化，及科家已注意到，半物朝向更高度，及/或更高海拔移，得低的度(然在那上，可能有一些偏：或是，已被比其他物更多移中的物收集的)。些化，正在影人、物及植物。
With temperatures currently 1.1-1.3°C above pre-industrial levels, some natural systems are approaching, or surpassing, their capacity to adapt. Some coral reefs, rainforests, coastal wetlands and polar and mountainous ecosystems are butting up against “hard limits”.
由於，目前度超工化前1.1-1.3°C，一些自然系正在接近或超其能力。一些珊瑚礁、雨林、沿海地及地山地生系，正在“多苛限”相抗衡。
Plants that humans use for food, fabric and other purposes are also under stress. The report notes with moderate confidence that the increases in agricultural productivity made over the past 50 years are lower than they would have been in the absence of climate change.
人使用供作食物、物及其他用途的植物，也面力。告以度的信心指出，在去50年，生力得的增，低於有候情下有的增。
Changes are not all slow and gradual. Where highly vulnerable populations face hazards such as extreme weather, climate change is contributing to humanitarian crises. People in all regions of the world are being displaced by them, it says.
化非全是慢及的。在高度脆弱的群面，如端天等危害源的地方，候正成人道主危的部分原因。其述，世界所有地的人，正因它而被迫家。
It highlights worsening food insecurity and malnutrition wrought by droughts and floods in Africa and Latin America. The report does not, however, see much of an impact from all this on violent conflict.
其了，於非洲及拉丁美洲，由乾旱及洪水造成之化中的食不定及不良。不，告有注意到，自所有些，暴力突的影。
Some things could have been worse. Some efforts towards development and climate adaptation, it says, have reduced vulnerability to climate change, and more planning for adaptation (and implementation of those plans) is being seen everywhere.
有些事情可能已更糟。其述，一些了展及候行的努力，已降低候的易受害性，因此到能看到更多行的(及那些的施)。
Some of those programmes also bring benefits beyond their alleviation of climate risk. For all that, though, the impacts of climate change are increasing at a rate that outstrips those improvements in adaptation.
其中一些也了，解候之外的益。然，管如此，候的影，正以超那些在行中之多改善的速度增加。
In the near term–perhaps the next few decades–trying to narrow that widening gap seems to be the most important task. The point is that the difference in near-term risk between worlds with better and worse adaptation is greater than between worlds with more or fewer emissions.
在短期(也是未十年)小不大的差距，似乎是最重要的任。是，在具有佳不佳之域的近期差，大於具有更多或更少排放量之域的差。
Acting quickly, though, may come at the cost of neglecting plans for the long term. Actions designed to lower immediate risks, the report argues, can reduce the opportunity for “transformational” adaptation that improves things over the longer term.
然，迅速取行可能以忽期的代行。不，告，旨在降低直接的多行，能少在期改善的“”。
The report warns of risks from “maladaptation” in which efforts to address climate impacts do more harm than good. One example would be building a sea wall around a city. Doing so protects the residents from rising sea levels and storm surges in the short term. But it might also change the pattern of currents by the coast, creating worse erosion elsewhere.
告警告，自面候影之多努力中，“不良”的，造成弊大於利。一例子是在城市周遭建造海堤。做能在短期，保居民免於海平面上升及暴潮的影。不，也改海岸的水流模式，而在其他地方造成更重的侵。
Such measures can also create a false sense of security: in the floodplain around the Jamuna river in Bangladesh, there is evidence that the presence of levees attracts more people to live there, ultimately increasing the number of deaths that result if a levee were to break.
此措施也造成假安全感：在孟加拉共和，木河周遭的平原，有堤防的存在吸引更多人居住在那的。最，倘若堤防裂致死亡人增加。
Starting an irrigation system in an area where the rain can no longer be relied upon to grow crops could lead to overconsumption of river water, leaving people downstream with less.
於能不再仰雨水植作物的地，灌溉系可能致河水度消耗，而使下游的人有少的水。
“In choosing the right solutions, we need to be thinking about more than just one climate hazard and also about the range of side-effects of the interventions we undertake” says Maarten van Aalst, director of the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and one of the report’s authors.
告撰文人之一，十字新月候中心(荷法律定的公益，是十字新月合的考中心)主任，Maarten van Aalst宣：「在正的解方案上，我需要考的，不是一候危害，要考我行之干措施的副作用。」
Even if such unintended consequences are avoided, there are signs that, in some areas, humans will struggle to adapt much more. Extreme heat is one example. Last summer, British Columbia in Canada recorded a freakishly high temperature of 49.6°C.
即使避免了此意想不到的後果，也有象示，在某些域，人地行更多。酷就是一例子。去年夏天，加拿大英哥比省了，49.6°C的反常高。
Almost simultaneously, Iraqis protested against electricity cuts as temperatures in the country exceeded 50°C. The heatwave in Canada was more unusual than the one in Iraq. But Canada has the resources to prepare for another one, if it chooses. Iraq does not.
乎同，伊拉克人抗停，因在的超50°C。在加拿大的浪，比在伊拉克的浪更不常。不，倘若加拿大想要，它有多另一次浪做的源。伊拉克有。
These types of “soft limits” can be overcome, but not easily. In the case of Iraq, overcoming those soft limits would require simultaneously overhauling the attitudes and capacity of the government, reforming institutions and aligning donors to provide new sums of money.
此些型的“不苛限”能被克服，不不容易。就伊拉克而言，要克服那些不苛限，就需要同底改革政府的度及能力。革新多及盟捐助者，以提供新的金集。
The fact that tangible damage is already here adds not just physical burdens but also political ones. Negotiation at the meetings of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, most recently in Glasgow last November, becomes particularly heated over what the convention calls “loss and damage” – impacts which have already been felt, and over which developing countries have a case for compensation.
害已存在的事，不增添了有形，也增添了政治。 在合候框架公(最近一次是去年11月在格拉斯哥行)中的商，有公所的“失及害”(已被感受到及展中家有例的影)得特烈。
Reportedly the biggest ructions in the closed plenary during which the IPCC summary was hashed out stemmed from attempts by some governments to make sure that it did not do too much to bolster the developing countries’ case.
，於的全中，在此期，政府候委(IPCC)充分的，起源於一些政府保，其不了支持展中家的情，而做太多的事。
Politics are hardly a new addition to the IPCC process; it was created at the end of the 1980s in part to generate political “buy in” to scientists’ warnings. But from now on, with assessment a matter of the present, not the future, expect the tensions to grow.
政治乎不是IPCC行的新增部分。有是了科家之警告，造成政治上的“”，而在1980年代末期被建的。不，在始，著估有在而不是未的，多情加。
址：https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2022/02/28/new-ipcc-report-over-3bn-people-face-rising-climate-change-threat/21807939
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