1. 於藻中，科家了一，可能引出更佳捕碳，在上能增加食量，增候能力之作物的新酵素功能。
Scientists discover a new enzyme function in cyanobacteria that could lead to better carbon-capturing crops, potentially increasing food production and enhancing climate resilience.
Researchers have uncovered the mechanism of a crucial enzyme, described as “hidden in nature’s blueprint,” illuminating how cells control key processes in carbon fixation, a process fundamental for life on Earth.
研究人已揭露一明，於碳固定中，胞如何控制地球生命之基本程，被述“藏於大自然中”之酶的制。
The discovery could help engineer climate-resilient crops capable of sucking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere more efficiently, helping to produce more food in the process. The breakthrough was made by scientists from The Australian National University (ANU) and the University of Newcastle (UoN).
此可能助出，能更有效大中，吸收二氧化碳，且在此程中，有助於生更多食之候的作物。
The research, published on May 10 in the journal Science Advances, demonstrates a previously unknown function of an enzyme called carboxysomal carbonic anhydrase (CsoSCA), which is found in cyanobacteria – also called blue-green algae – to maximize the microorganisms’ ability t extract carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
於(2024年)5月10日，表於《科展》的研究一，存在於菌(也藻)中，使微生物大中，吸取二氧化碳的能力最大限度，被羧基碳酸酐酶(CsoSCA)之酵素，先前未知的功能。
Cyanobacteria are commonly known for their toxic blooms in lakes and rivers. But these little blue-green bugs are widespread, also living in the world’s oceans.
菌以其，在湖泊及河流中，有毒的密集孳生名。不，此些小菌分泛，也生存於世界海洋中。
Although they can pose an environmental hazard, the researchers describe them as “tiny carbon superheroes.” Through the process of photosynthesis, they play an important role in capturing about 12 percent of the world’s carbon dioxide each year.
然，它境造成危害。不，此些研究人它描述“微小的碳超英雄”。透光合作用程，在每年捕世界大12%二氧化碳上，它扮演一重要角色。
2. 菌是一群光合菌，通常被“藻”，然它是原核生物，而不是真正的藻。些生物存在於，海洋到淡水到裸露岩石的泛水生及地境中。菌以其行生氧的光合作用能力名。意味著，它似植物般生氧，作一副品。就地球上的生命而言，此程至重要。因，它大中氧的生，著地作出。
Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic bacteria, often referred to as “blue-green algae,” although they are prokaryotes and not true algae. These organisms are found in a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial environments, from oceans to freshwater to bare rock. Cyanobacteria are known for their ability to perform oxygenic photosynthesis, meaning they produce oxygen as a byproduct, similar to plants. This process is critical for life on Earth as it significantly contributes to the production of oxygen in the atmosphere.
First author and PhD researcher Sacha Pulsford, from ANU, describes how remarkably efficient these microorganisms are at capturing carbon.
自澳洲立大(ANU：Australian National University)的首要撰文人、博士研究，Sacha Pulsford描述了，在捕碳方面，此些微生物如何著有效率。
“Unlike plants, cyanobacteria have a system called a carbon dioxide concentrating mechanism (CCM), which allows them to fix carbon from the atmosphere and turn it into sugars at a significantly faster rate than standard plants and crop species,” Ms. Pulsford said.
Pulsford先生宣：「不像植物，菌具有一，使它能以著比植物及作物更快的速度，固定自大的碳，其化糖，被二氧化碳制(CCM)的系。」
At the heart of the CCM are large protein compartments called carboxysomes. These structures are responsible for sequestering carbon dioxide, housing CsoSCA and another enzyme called Rubisco.
在CCM的核心是，被羧基的大蛋白分室。此些隔二氧化碳、藏CsoSCA及另一，被Rubisco的酵素。
The enzymes CsoSCA and Rubisco work in unison, demonstrating the highly efficient nature of the CCM. The CsoSCA works to create a high local concentration of carbon dioxide inside the carboxysome that Rubisco can then gobble up and turn into sugars for the cell to eat.
CsoSCA及Rubisco酶共同作，了CCM的高效率性。CsoSCA作，在之後於羧基部生，Rubisco能吞噬化糖，供胞消耗的局部高度二氧化碳。
Lead author Dr. Ben Long, from UoN, said: “Until now, scientists were unsure how the CsoSCA enzyme is controlled. Our study focused on unraveling this mystery, particularly in a major group of cyanobacteria found across the globe. What we found was completely unexpected.
自英北安普敦大(UoN：University of Northampton)的首要撰文人，Ben Long博士宣：「到目前止，科家不定，CsoSCA酶如何受控制。我的研究著重於，解此。特是，在世界各地被的大群菌。我所的，是完全意料到的事。
“The CsoSCA enzyme dances to the tune of another molecule called RuBP, which activates it like a switch.
CsoSCA酶著另一，如般激活它，被RuBP之分子的奏起舞。
“Think of photosynthesis like making a sandwich. Carbon dioxide from the air is the filling, but a photosynthetic cell needs to provide the bread. That’s RuBP.
光合作用想像如做三明治。自空中的二氧化碳是。不，光合胞需要提供包。那就是RuBP。
“Just like you need bread to make a sandwich, the rate of turning carbon dioxide into sugar depends on how fast RuBP is supplied.
就如同需要包作三明治般，二氧化碳化糖的速度，取於供RuBP的速度有多快。
“How fast the CsoSCA enzyme supplies carbon dioxide to Rubisco is dependent on how much RuBP is present. When there’s enough, the enzyme is switched on. But if the cell runs out of RuBP, the enzyme is switched off, making the system highly tuned and efficient.
CsoSCA酵素提供Rubisco二氧化碳有多快，取於存在多少RuBP。有足的量，酵素被。不，倘若胞耗RuBP，酵素被，使得此系是高度且高效率的。
“Surprisingly, the CsoSCA enzyme has been embedded in nature’s blueprint all along, waiting to be discovered.”
令人的是，CsoSCA酶一直被嵌於大自然的中，等待被。」
The scientists say engineering crops that are more efficient at capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide would provide a huge boost for the agricultural industry by vastly improving crop yield while reducing the demand for nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation systems.
此些科家表示，在捕及利用二氧化碳更有效之工程改造的作物，藉由大幅改善作物量，同少氮肥及灌溉系的需求，之提供巨大的推力。
It would also ensure the world’s food systems are more resilient to climate change.
也保，世界的食系更能候。
Ms Pulsford said: “Understanding how the CCM works not only enriches our knowledge of natural processes fundamental to Earth’s biogeochemistry but may also guide us in creating sustainable solutions to some of the biggest environmental challenges the world is facing.”
Pulsford先生宣：「解CCM如何作，不富了我，有地球生物化之基自然程的知，而且也可能引我，世界正面的多最大境挑，可持的解方案。」
址：https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-supercharge-photosynthesis-to-develop-carbon-gobbling-super-plants/
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