Sandia National Laboratories engineers are working on a device that would help ensure captured carbon dioxide stays deep underground — a critical component of carbon sequestration as part of a climate solution.
美桑迪家室的工程正致力於一，有助於保捕之CO2，留於地下深的置。是作部分候解方案之碳隔的性成部分。
原文此短片，看桑迪家室的智能柱，CO2存漏的。
Click to watch an animation of Sandia National Laboratories’ smart collar detecting a leak from a carbon dioxide storage reservoir.
Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing CO2 — a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere — from the air or where it is produced and storing it underground. However, there are some technical challenges with carbon sequestration, including making sure that the CO2 remains underground long term.碳隔是空中或生CO2之地方，捕CO2 (一於地球大中，陷捕量的室)其存於地下的程。不，有碳隔有一些技上的挑，包括保CO2期留於地下。
Sandia’s wireless device pairs with tiny sensors to monitor for CO2 leaks and tell above-ground operators if one happens — and it lasts for decades.
倘若生CO2漏，桑迪家室的微型感器成，告知地面上的操作，而且它能持十年。
“The world is trying a whole lot of different ways to reduce the production of CO2 to mitigate climate change,” said Andrew Wright, Sandia electrical engineer and project lead. “A complementary approach is to reduce the high levels of CO2 in the atmosphere by collecting a good chunk of it and storing it deep underground.
桑迪家室，工程兼人，Andrew Wright宣：「世界正多全然不同的方法，少CO2的生，以和候。一充方法是，藉由收集大量CO2，其存於地下深，少大中的高度CO2。
The technology we’re developing with the University of Texas at Austin aims to determine whether the CO2 stays down there. What is special about this technology is that we’ll be monitoring it wirelessly and thus won’t create another potential path for leakage like a wire or fiber.”
我正美德克斯大斯汀分校的技，旨在定是否CO2留於地下。有技的特之是，我其行控。因此，不像或光那生，另一在的漏路。」
In carbon sequestration, CO2 would typically be stored 3,000 to 12,000 feet below the surface in an area that once contained oil, gas or water, Wright said. A hole would be bored down through an impermeable layer of rock called cap rock that can prevent CO2 from percolating up toward the surface.
Wright表示，於碳隔中，CO2通常被存於，曾具有石油、天然或水之地，地表下3千到12千英尺的地方。 向下一，穿能防止CO2向上透到地表，被冠岩之不透性岩石的洞。
Pressurized CO2 heated to around 175 degrees Fahrenheit would be pumped down this borehole. In some cases, it will be heated up to prevent it from freezing when it expands into the area, Wright said. Once the storage area is full, the borehole would be plugged, and in some cases, the trapped CO2 would react with the rock and bind permanently.
加到175左右之被加的CO2，被泵入上述的孔中。Wright表示，於某些情下，它被加以防止，它展到上述域，生。一旦存了，此孔被堵塞。因而，在某些情下，遭陷住的CO2，上述岩石生反，永久合。
The team, led by geoscientist David Chapman at UT Austin, plans to embed glitter-sized CO2 sensors, about an 1/8 of an inch by an 1/8 of an inch, in the concrete surrounding the borehole, above and below the cap rock layer.
由德克斯大斯汀分校地球科家，David Chapman的，在冠岩上方及下方，於包上述孔的混凝土中，埋置大1/8 英寸乘1/8 英寸之小光物大小的CO2感器。
Electrical engineer Axel Scherer at the California Institute of Technology is leading the group making the glitter-sized CO2 sensors. Chemist Jeff Mecham at the Research Triangle Institute is leading the group making a coating to protect the sensors from the harsh environment of concrete, while still allowing CO2 to reach the sensors.
美加州理工院工程，Axel Scherer正在，造此些小光物大小之CO2感器的。美第二大立的非利性研究，Research Triangle Institute的化家，Jeff Mecham正在作一，以保感器免於遭到混凝土不光滑境的影，同仍然使CO2得以到感器的。
Sandia’s role is to make an electronic device that charges the CO2 sensors, receives information from them about the presence or absence of CO2 and sends that information up to operators at the surface. This device, called a smart collar, needs to work for 20 to 40 years, Wright said.
桑迪家室的角色是，造一CO2感器充，感器接收有CO2 存在否之息，那息向上送地面操作的子置。 Wright表示，被智能柱的，需作20到40 年。
The communication with the CO2 sensors works like the radio-frequency identification chip in a tap-to-pay credit card, Wright said. The smart collar emits energy at one radio frequency to power the CO2 sensors. The sensors collect data on the amount of CO2 around them and send that information to the smart collar at a different radio frequency.
Wright表示，CO2感器的通信，如同於支付信用卡中的射晶片般作。智能柱以一射射能量，此些它之CO2量，收集以不同射，那信送到智能柱的CO2感器。
“There’s no power or battery in your credit card,” Wright said. “Instead, when you tap it onto the reader at the supermarket, the reader energizes the chip. The chip relays some information to the reader, and that’s what allows you to buy your groceries.”
Wright宣：「信用卡中，有力或池。因此，在超市，於卡上它，卡激此晶片。此晶片一些信息卡，那是何使人得以的原因。」
One of the biggest technical challenges the team had to overcome was the fact that RFID chips aren’t designed to be embedded in concrete, said Alfred Cochrane, another Sandia electrical engineer on the project.
桑迪家室，有的另一位工程，Alfred Cochrane表示，必克服的最大技性挑之一，是射(RFID：Radio Frequency Identification)晶片，非被用於埋置在混凝土中。
In order to power the sensors through concrete, the team needs to “shine” very intense radio waves of a certain frequency at the sensors. However, much of these radio waves reflect off the concrete, drowning out any information from the sensors at that frequency, Cochrane said.
了穿混凝土，些感器。必需些感器“照射”，特定率之非常烈的波。Cochrane表示，不，些波大部分反射混凝土，而消除自在那率之些感器的任何信息。
He suggested they try to power the sensors with one frequency and then use far less intense radio waves of a different frequency to query the sensors and receive information back from them. This worked well in their tests, he added.
他提，他使用一率，些感器，然後使用度低得多之不同率的波，查些感器，及接收它送回的信息。他附言，在他的中，作良好。
Recently, the Sandia team successfully showed the smart collar prototype powering and communicating with off-the-shelf RFID chips embedded in an inch of cement, a major component of concrete.
最近，桑迪家室成功展了，智能柱原型，使用被埋置於一英寸水泥(混凝土的主要成分)中，成之RFID晶片的及通信。
For the smart collar to last for decades, the team designed the prototype to use supercapacitors to store power rather than batteries that only last for a couple of years. Next, the team will test the smart collar prototype with Caltech’s CO2 sensing chips.
了使智能柱持十年，的原型，使用超容器存力，而不是持年的池。接著，使用加州理工院(Caltech：California Institute of Technology)的CO2感晶片，智能柱原型。
The Sandia team has also tested powering and communicating with their smart collar prototype through 160 feet of commercially available wired pipe. This pipe has coaxial cable, very similar to that used in cabe TV, embedded within it, so that the system won’t need any other wires or cables that could introduce new escape routes for the CO2, Cochrane said.
透160英尺商上可取得的有管，桑迪家室也了，有其智能柱原型的及通信。Cochrane表示，管具有被埋置其，非常相似於有中，使用的那同。因此，系需任何可能CO2引新漏路的或。
Later next year, the goal is to demonstrate the whole system — Caltech’s chips and Sandia’s smart collar — first at Sandia’s above-ground testing facility and then at UT Austin’s underground test facility. UT Austin geoscientist Mohsen Ahmadian is the lead for the underground testing part of the project.
明年晚些候，目是首先在桑迪家室的地上施，然後在德克斯大斯丁分校的地下施，示操作(加州理工院的晶片及桑迪家室的智能柱)整系。
While the focus of this project is on carbon sequestration, the technology could also be used to monitor storage areas for natural gas or even hydrogen, Wright said.
Wright表示，管的焦在於碳隔。不技也可能被用，天然或甚至的存域。
“There’s way too much CO2 in the atmosphere right now and it’s only getting worse,” Cochrane said. “Along with all the other technologies like renewable energy, carbon sequestration is an active approach to mitigating climate change. If you capture carbon from a coal-fired power plant or a cement plant and store it indefinitely, you could make those processes carbon neutral or even allow us to go carbon negative and remove more CO2 than we emit.”
Cochrane宣：「目前，於大中有太多CO2的情，而且只越越糟。同如可再生能源等，所有其他技，碳隔是一和候的方法。倘若燃煤或水泥捕碳，限期存。可能使那些程碳中和，甚至使我得以碳，移除比我排放之更多的CO2。」
址：https://newsreleases.sandia.gov/smart_collar/
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