How can technology developed at CERN for high-energy physics bring state-of-the-art radiotherapy to a hospital just along the lakeside in Lausanne?
在洲核研究(CERN： European Organization for Nuclear Research)高能物理的技，如何能最先的放射法往，就在瑞士洛桑市日瓦湖畔的一家院？
The technologies in question include high-performance electron accelerator components and simulation tools originally designed for CERN’s Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). Now, a collaboration between CERN and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) plans to use these to create a system for clinical delivery of FLASH radiotherapy.
些正被的技包括，高性能的子加速器件及原本CERN之型性撞(CLIC)的模工具。目前，CERN瑞士洛桑大院(CHUV)之的一合作，使用上述技，超高量率(FLASH)放射法的床送，建一系。
FLASH radiotherapy, which involves delivering therapeutic radiation at ultrahigh dose rates of 40 Gy/s and above, vastly decreases normal tissue toxicity while maintaining anti-tumour activity. Of particular note, FLASH should enable dose escalation, potentially offering a new option for cancers that are resistant to treatment.
涉及以40格雷/秒(Gy：gray，通用的射量位)及以上之超高量率，送治性射能的超高量率放射法，大大降低正常的毒性，同持抗瘤的放射性。特值得注意的是，超高量率竟使量逐步上升，在上能治具抵抗力的癌，提供一新。
“In all experiments so far, we observed that normal tissues are spared with this type of radiation,” says Jean Bourhis, head of radiation oncology at CHUV. “It’s a really reproducible effect. And there is no sparing of the tumour.”
瑞士洛桑大院放射瘤科主任，Jean Bourhis宣：「在迄今的所有中，他察到，正常不受到型射的害。是一真正可的效能。且有不被害的瘤。」
Bourhis pioneered the development of FLASH radiotherapy, leading the team at CHUV that performed the first FLASH treatment in a human patient in 2018. The patient in question had a resistant superficial skin cancer and was treated with low-energy electrons of roughly 10 MeV.
超高量率放射治的展先，Bourhis是2018年，瑞士洛桑大院於一名人病患中，行首度超高量率放射治的人。名正被的病人，罹患一具抵抗力的皮癌，且使用大10 MeV(百子伏特)的低能子治。
Next, he would like to translate the impressive observations seen in an experimental setting into clinical trials. To treat larger tumours at depths of up to 20 cm in the patient, however, will require much higher energy electron beams.
接下，他想在此境中，令人印象深刻的察果，移到床。不，了治病患中，深20公分的大瘤，需要更高能量的子束。
“A clinical FLASH system must have a high accelerating gradient to achieve the beam energies needed to access deeper-seated tumours, energies in the range of 100 MeV,” explains Walter Wuensch, a senior researcher at CERN.
CERN深研究，Walter Wuensch解：「床超高量率系必需具有高加速梯度，到治深部瘤的所需。也就是，在100 MeV的子束能量。」
This ability to accelerate beams in a very short distance, he notes, was one of the technologies designed for CLIC. The other key aspect of the high-energy physics study was to deliver a high current in a well-controlled and extremely stable beam – another important requirement for FLASH.
他，在很短距中，加速子束的能耐，是型性撞的多技之一。高能物理研究的另一面，是在控制良好且度定的子束中，送大流。是超高量率的另一重要必需件。
“For some years, CERN has been studying accelerator technology for a possible high-energy physics facility,” says Wuensch. “We have developed prototypes and shown their feasibility and performance. So it was with real excitement that we found out about the needs of CHUV. After some initial discussions it became clear that what we had developed for CLIC seemed an almost perfect match for what is needed for a FLASH facility.”
Wuensch宣：「多年，了一可能的高能物理，洲核研究一直在行研究加速器技。他已研出原型，且了其可行性及性能。因此，真的很振，他解了瑞士洛桑大院的此些需求。在一些初步之後，很然，他型性撞所的，超高量率所需而言，似乎是一乎完美的匹配。」
The CERN–CHUV partnership has now finished the first phase of its study: moving from an initial idea to creating a conceptual design for the proposed FLASH facility. The next step will be to develop this baseline design in more detail to optimize the system for patient treatments.
目前，洲核研究瑞士洛桑大院的合作，已完成其第一段研究：最初的想展到，生提之超高量率的一概念。下一段是更地此基，最佳化用於治患者的系。
The team also hopes to collaborate with an industry partner in the radiotherapy field. Alongside, while the machine is being prepared, CHUV will start to prepare the required teams and infrastructure, and submit applications to regulatory agencies so that the treatment can reach patients as soon as possible.
在此放射治域上，也期盼界夥伴合作。同，在械置正被造，瑞士洛桑大院始，所需的及基，向管理提出申，以便此法能早及於病患。
Bourhis predicts that the FLASH facility should be operational within two to three years, at which point the team plans to embark on proof-of-concept in clinical trials. He notes that after these trials, the system could be transferable to other hospitals.
Bourhis言，超高量率，能在到三年正常作。在那候，於床中，始行概念。他，在此些之後，系或能移到其他院。
The system will be 2–2.5 times larger than a conventional radiotherapy machine, but should still be compact enough to fit into existing hospital infrastructure. The cost of the first protoype system (being installed in CHUV) is estimated to be about €25m; though if manufacturing scales up, this price should come down.
系比放射治械置大2到2.5倍，不仍然足以安於有院基中。第一部原型置(被安於瑞士洛桑大院)的成本，估大2500元。倘若大量造，此格下降。
FLASH treatments, however, only require the patient to undergo two or three radiation fractions, compared with 20 or 30 for standard radiotherapy. As such, Wuensch suggests that the eventual cost-per-treatment could be competitive in absolute terms with classical radiotherapy.
不，相於放射法的20或30射分(射量通常分多，被及分的小量)，超高量率治的病患，需或三射分。就此，Wuensch暗示，最的每次治用，放射法相下，是明具力。
原文址：https://physicsworld.com/a/cern-accelerator-technology-to-underpin-flash-radiotherapy-facility/
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