何端高加上污染是致命的合＠PEREGRINE科滴

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何端高加上污染是致命的合

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ByJason Cummings

July 28, 2022

Twhere climate-related health risks are converging with alarming frequency: record temperatures and air pollution from things like car exhaust and wildfire smoke. Separately, these conditions can make people very sick and exacerbate existing health problems. But what happens when they coincide?

候相的多健康，正以人的率集中：的度及自像汽排出的野火等，空污染。此些情分使人很不舒服，且加有的健康。不，是它同存在，生什？

Recently, researchers at the University of Southern California set out to answer that question. Their results, based on California mortality data between 2014 and 2019 and published in late June in the American journal of respiratory and critical care medicineindicate that the combined mortality risk of extreme temperatures and thick pollution is significantly greater than the sum of their individual effects.

最近，美南加州大的研究人，著手回答那。他根在2014年至2019年，加州的死亡率，及在2022年6月下旬，表於《美呼吸暨重症指期刊》的多研究果示，端度及重污染的合死亡，著大於其各自影的和。

As the graph below shows, a person’s odds of dying increased by 6.1% on days of extreme temperature and 5% on days of extreme pollution compared to non-extreme days. But on days with both extreme conditions, the risk of death increased by 21%.

如下所示，非端天相比下，在端度的日子，一人的死亡率增加6.1%，在端污染的日子增加5%。不，在兼具端的日子，死亡增加21%。

(原文)

Like vehicle emissions, wildfires release PM2.5, a type of very fine particulate matter that is less than 2.5 micrometers across. (For comparison, the diameter of a hair is 30 times larger than the largest of these fine particles.) While the USC researchers analyzed PM2.5 pollution levels regardless of its source, they found that the days with extremely high pollution coincided with California. wildfire events.

排放物一，野火出PM2.5。是一直小於2.5微米的微粒物(作比，直是此些微粒子中，最大直的30倍)。管南加州大的研究人，分析了PM2.5的污染水平。不，不其源，他具有高污染的日子，加州野火事件相一致。

“When you consider our top 1% of the most polluted days, the concentration of pollution is really very, very high…four times higher [than normal]says Md Mostafijur Rahman, a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Population and Public Health Sciences at USC Keck School of Medicine and one of the study’s co-authors. “That is definitely driven by another source. It’s not like the normal source of traffic.”

研究合撰人之一，南加州大克院，人口暨公共生科系的博士後研究，Mostafijur Rahman博士宣：「看咱污染最重前1%的日子，污染度真的非常、非常高…[比正常高出四倍]。不像是交通量的正常源，那肯定是由另一源所。」

Fine particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, says Francesca Dominici, a professor of biostatistics at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, who has studied the harmful substances. But even though PM2.5 is known to cause cardiovascular diseases, respiratory problems and cancers, some forms are worse than others.

哈佛大TH Chan公共生院，一直研究此些有害物的生物教授，Francesca Dominici表示，微粒子能深度穿入肺部，而入血流中。不，即使已知PM2.5致心血管疾病、呼吸系及癌症，某些比其他更糟糕。

“Fine particles during wildfires tend to be even more toxic,” says Dominici. “We have buildings on fire, we have cars on fire, we have all kinds of things that are on fire. There is emerging research showing that the chemical composition is even more dangerous.”

Dominici宣：「“野火期的微粒子向更具毒性。我有建物著火、有汽著火、有各各的西著火。有新的研究示，化成分更加危。」

What’s more, when those tiny particles react with high temperatures and sunlight they can worst tropospheric ozone—smog—which can trigger respiratory effects like asthma attacks.

更重要的是，那些微小粒子高及光生反，它度破流的臭氧()。引如哮喘作等，呼吸系的後果。

A study from Washington State University published earlier this year found that periods of high PM2.5 and ozone have “become significantly more frequent and persistent” in the western US over the past 20 years, due to the “simultaneous widespread heat and wildfire activity”.

一自盛州立大，今年稍早表的研究，由於“同的高及野火活”，在去20年，美西部高的PM2.5及臭氧期，“得更繁且持久”。

A notable stretch of 12 days in the summer of 2020 included a day in August when nearly 70% of that region, which encompasses 43 million people, was affected by harmful levels of air pollution due to fire activity forestry unprecedented at that time.

在2020年夏季，有一次、值得注意的12天，包括了於8月有一天，那包括4300人的地，在那近70%的人口受到了，由於前所未有的活森林火，所造成有害之空污染水平的影。

However, make no mistake. The American West is certainly not the only place facing the dual threat of heat and pollution. Extreme temperatures have touched almost every corner of the country this summer, and fires are burning through forests as far north. like Alaska.

不，勿搞。美西部然不是，唯一面高及污染重威的地方。今年夏天，端已及乎的每角落，且大火正在燃至北方的森林。譬如阿拉斯加。

Eastern Australia, known for its hot summers and dangerous bushfires, had a historically devastating 2019-2020 season. Russia experienced one of its largest wildfires on record last year in Siberia amid hot and dry conditions.

以其炎夏季及危林大火名的澳大利部，在2019-2020年了，史性的性季。在西伯利炎乾燥之，去年俄斯了，上最大的野火之一。

In Europe, the hells ravaged Turkey and Greece last year; this year they are sweeping Spain and France fueled by heat waves that broke records both for the anticipation of the year in which they appeared and for the height of the mercury.

在洲，去年(2021年)此些苦的，蹂了土耳其及希；今年，它在打破了今年期出及高之浪的助，正席西班牙及法。

(原文)

This confluence of events during the summer months, when temperatures rise to unbearable levels that our bodies cannot withstand, is becoming more common: heat waves make dry regions even drier, and are ideal for forest fires spewing plumes of smoke.

在夏季，度上升到我身法承受之以忍受之水平的月，事件的合正得更普遍：浪使乾旱地更乾燥。因此，是出之森林火的理想之。

Erika Garcia, an assistant professor in the Department of Population and Public Health Sciences at the Keck School of Medicine of USC and co-author of the study with Rahman, cautions that although wildfires are episodic, their effects can last for weeks.

Rahman合撰研究的南加州大克院人口暨公共生科系助理教授，Erika Garcia警告，然野火是短性的。不，它的影持周。

“With the progression of climate change, we will continue to experience more frequent, more intense and longer extreme heat events, and extreme particulate pollution events,” she says. “We really need to have better adaptation interventions and policies so that we can save lives during these days of extreme heat and pollution.”