V2EX chi-square test

Chi-square test

释义 Definition

卡方检验:一种常用的统计显著性检验方法,基于“观测频数”和“理论(期望)频数”的差异来判断差异是否可能由随机波动造成。常见用途包括:

  • 独立性检验(两个分类变量是否相关)
  • 拟合优度检验(数据是否符合某个理论分布/比例)
    (也存在其他变体与用法。)

发音 Pronunciation

/ka skwr tst/

例句 Examples

We used a chi-square test to check whether gender and voting preference are related.
我们用卡方检验来检查性别与投票偏好是否相关。

After adjusting for missing responses, the researcher applied a chi-square test of independence to compare the distribution of outcomes across three treatment groups.
在对缺失作答进行调整后,研究者使用卡方独立性检验来比较三种治疗组之间结果分布是否存在差异。

词源 Etymology

chi-square”中的 chi 来自希腊字母 χ(chi),用于命名统计中的 χ(卡方)分布;“square”指“方”,对应符号中的 。卡方检验与英国统计学家 Karl Pearson(卡尔皮尔逊)在 20 世纪初对频数数据的研究密切相关,并在此后成为分类数据分析的基础工具之一。

相关词 Related Words

文学与经典著作中的出现 Literary Works

  • Karl Pearson (1900), On the Criterion That a Given System of Deviations from the Probable…(提出并系统化了与卡方检验相关的思想与统计量)
  • George Casella & Roger L. Berger, Statistical Inference(统计推断经典教材,涵盖卡方检验与相关分布)
  • David S. Moore et al., Introduction to the Practice of Statistics(入门教材中常以列联表示例讲解卡方检验)
  • Larry Wasserman, All of Statistics(概览型统计学著作,涉及卡方检验及其在推断中的位置)
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