V2EX chi-square

Chi-square

释义 Definition

chi-square(χ):统计学中的“卡方”,常指卡方分布或基于它的卡方检验。常用于检验分类数据是否符合某种期望(拟合优度),或检验两个分类变量是否独立(列联表独立性检验)。另有更广义用法指“卡方统计量”。

发音 Pronunciation

/ka skwr/

例句 Examples

The chi-square test showed no significant difference between the groups.
卡方检验显示各组之间没有显著差异。

Using a chi-square test of independence, the researcher found that education level and voting preference were associated.
研究者使用卡方独立性检验发现,受教育程度与投票偏好存在关联。

词源 Etymology

“chi-square”来自希腊字母 chi(χ) 与 “square(平方)”。在统计学中,卡方统计量常写作 χ,形式上对应“平方和”(例如把标准化后的偏差平方后求和)。卡方检验的系统化应用与 Karl Pearson(卡尔皮尔逊)在19世纪末至20世纪初的统计工作密切相关。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作中的用例 Literary Works

  • Karl Pearson On the Criterion that a Given System of Deviations from the Probable in the Case of a Correlated System of Variables is such that it can be Reasonably Supposed to Have Arisen from Random Sampling(提出并推广χ作为拟合与偏差度量的核心工具)
  • Ronald A. Fisher Statistical Methods for Research Workers(讨论卡方分布与检验在实验与数据分析中的应用)
  • George W. Snedecor & William G. Cochran Statistical Methods(经典统计教材,系统讲解卡方检验)
  • Jerrold H. Zar Biostatistical Analysis(生物统计中大量使用卡方检验与列联表分析)
  • David S. Moore 等 Introduction to the Practice of Statistics(入门教材中常见的卡方检验章节)
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