**形容词 (adj.)**：身无分文的，一贫如洗的。形容一个人没有钱，极度贫穷。
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After losing his job, he was completely penniless and had to rely on friends for help.
失业后，他身无分文，不得不依靠朋友的帮助。
The young immigrant arrived in the new country penniless but determined, carrying nothing but an unwavering belief that hard work would eventually lead to a better life.
这位年轻的移民身无分文却满怀决心地来到新的国家，除了坚信努力终将带来更好生活的信念外，一无所有。
penniless 由 penny（便士，英国最小的货币单位）加上后缀 -less（表示"没有"）构成，字面意思是"连一个便士都没有"。penny 源自古英语 penning，与日耳曼语系中的货币词汇有关。该词自中古英语时期起就被用来形容极度贫穷的状态，约14世纪开始广泛使用。
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