V2EX hypothesis-test

Hypothesis Test

Definition / 定义

假设检验:一种统计推断方法,用样本数据来判断关于总体的某个“原假设(null hypothesis)”是否应被拒绝,通常会结合显著性水平p 值等指标。

Pronunciation / 发音

/hapθss tst/(美)
/hapθss tst/(英)

Examples / 例句

We ran a hypothesis test to see if the new drug works.
我们做了一个假设检验来判断新药是否有效。

After checking the assumptions, the researcher used a two-sided hypothesis test and reported a p-value of 0.03, suggesting the difference is statistically significant.
在检查前提条件后,研究者使用了双侧假设检验并报告 p 值为 0.03,表明该差异在统计上显著。

Etymology / 词源

hypothesis 源自希腊语 hypóthesis(“提出、假设”之意),test 源自拉丁语 testum/testa(与“检验、试验”相关的词根演变)。合起来的 hypothesis test 在现代统计学语境中指“用数据去检验假设”的方法体系(包括零假设、备择假设、检验统计量等)。

Related Words / 相关词

Literary Works / 文学作品

  • R. A. Fisher, Statistical Methods for Research Workers(1925)
  • Jerzy Neyman & Egon Pearson, “On the Problem of the Most Efficient Tests of Statistical Hypotheses”(1933,经典论文)
  • George E. P. Box, J. S. Hunter & W. G. Hunter, Statistics for Experimenters(1978)
  • David Freedman, Robert Pisani & Roger Purves, Statistics(多版,常见入门教材)
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