V2EX distribution-free

Distribution-Free

释义 Definition

distribution-free(分布无关的/无分布假设的):指一种统计方法或检验,其结论(如显著性水平、临界值或检验分布)不依赖于总体的具体概率分布形式(例如不要求数据来自正态分布)。在统计学里常与 nonparametric(非参数) 方法密切相关,但两者不完全等同:非参数方法通常更“少假设”,而 distribution-free 强调“对分布形式不敏感/不依赖”。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/dstrbjun fri/

例句 Examples

This test is distribution-free, so it works even when the data aren’t normal.
这种检验是分布无关的,所以即使数据不服从正态分布也能使用。

Because the sampling distribution is distribution-free under the null hypothesis, we can compute p-values without specifying a parametric model.
由于在原假设下抽样分布是分布无关的,我们无需指定参数模型就能计算 p 值。

词源 Etymology

distribution(分布)+ free(不受……限制的/无……的) 组成。这里的 free 不是“免费”,而是英语里常见的构词用法,表示“摆脱某种约束/不依赖某物”(如 sugar-free)。在统计语境中,distribution-free 强调方法的有效性不取决于数据来自哪一种具体分布。

相关词 Related Words

文献作品 Literary / Notable Works

  • All of Nonparametric Statistics(Larry Wasserman)
  • Nonparametric Statistical Methods(Myles Hollander, Douglas A. Wolfe, Eric Chicken)
  • Testing Statistical Hypotheses(Erich L. Lehmann, Joseph P. Romano)
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