c++动态链接库的问题 - V2EX
a1lenyang
V2EX    C++

c++动态链接库的问题

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  •   a1lenyang Apr 15, 2020 2495 views
    This topic created in 2219 days ago, the information mentioned may be changed or developed.
    //头文件 TaxCaculator.h class _declspec(dllexport) TaxCalculator { private: double income; double taxRate; public: int a; int b; TaxCalculator(double income, double taxRate); ~TaxCalculator(); virtual double calculate(); }; extern "C" _declspec(dllexport) TaxCalculator* CreateObjet (double income, double taxRate); 
    //实现文件 TaxCaculator.cpp #include "TaxCaculator.hpp" TaxCalculator::TaxCalculator(double income, double taxRate){ this -> income = income; this -> taxRate = taxRate; a = 2; b = 5; } TaxCalculator::~TaxCalculator(){ } double TaxCalculator::calculate(){ return (income * taxRate); } 
    • 以上程序生成 dll,然后在同一个编译器中建立一个新的客户文件调用
    #include "TaxCalculator.h" #include <iostream> int main() { TaxCaculator* caclulator = CreateObject(1000, 0.3); int a = calculator -> a; int b = calculator -> b; return 0; } 
    • 在 dll 文件中,改变 a 和 b 定义的位置,然后重新编译,**客户文件重新调用新的 dll 文件,为什么两次的结果是颠倒的?**这里不是很理解。
    • 同理,在 dll 文件中定义两个虚函数
     virtual int fa(); virtual int fb(); 

    分别实现之。 编译服务器端和客户端。得到版本 1.

    改变定义顺序:

    virtual int fb(); virtual int fa(); 

    编译服务器端和客户端。得到版本 2. 打乱版本的搭配顺序,调用将出现错乱。这又是为什么?

    6 replies    2020-04-15 12:45:31 +08:00
    codehz
        1
    codehz  
       Apr 15, 2020 via Android
    因为虚函数是按声明顺序保存在虚表里的,所以实际上你写 x.fa()的时候编译器就会生成对虚表第一个函数的调用,所以你改变声明顺序就会导致调用错误函数
    catcn
        2
    catcn  
       Apr 15, 2020
    不要导出 c++
    rigortek
        3
    rigortek  
       Apr 15, 2020 via iPhone
    加 log 调试一下看为什么错乱
    a1lenyang
        4
    a1lenyang  
    OP
       Apr 15, 2020
    @codehz 好的,虚函数明白了,原来是我忘记了头文件是没有改变的,只是改变了 dll 的版本。
    虚函数的顺序有虚表保存,请问变量 a, b 也是以某种顺序存储的吗?
    codehz
        5
    codehz  
       Apr 15, 2020 via Android
    @a1lenyang 变量顺序是不变的,但是要注意虚表会在开头额外占用一个指针,多重继承的时候则有可能会更多,因此最好每次变更都同时更新头文件并重新编译其他依赖的库
    a1lenyang
        6
    a1lenyang  
    OP
       Apr 15, 2020
    @codehz 明白了,谢谢
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