为什么 np.sin(np.pi)的结果不为 0? - V2EX
推荐学习书目
Learn Python the Hard Way
Python Sites
PyPI - Python Package Index
http://diveintopython.org/toc/index.html
Pocoo
值得关注的项目
PyPy
Celery
Jinja2
Read the Docs
gevent
pyenv
virtualenv
Stackless Python
Beautiful Soup
结巴中文分词
Green Unicorn
Sentry
Shovel
Pyflakes
pytest
Python 编程
pep8 Checker
Styles
PEP 8
Google Python Style Guide
Code Style from The Hitchhiker's Guide
EdwardChu

为什么 np.sin(np.pi)的结果不为 0?

  •  
  •   EdwardChu Jan 31, 2019 5352 views
    This topic created in 2662 days ago, the information mentioned may be changed or developed.
    import numpy as np

    print(np.sin(np.pi))
    print(np.sin(0.5*np.pi))

    结果分别是
    1.2246467991473532e-16
    1.0
    5 replies    2019-03-04 14:35:51 +08:00
    LGA1150
        2
    LGA1150  
       Feb 1, 2019 via Android
    因为π不能用有限空间的浮点数表示,只是一个近似值,所以你只能得到一个很接近 0 的值,而不是 0
    同理 tan(π/2)
    这叫 Catastrophic Cancellation
    这也是比较浮点数时不能用==的原因
    至于为什么第二个可以输出 1.0,是因为前面的 1.0000...占据了有效数字位(双精度可以保证 15~16 个有效数字),使误差被舍去了
    LGA1150
        3
    LGA1150  
       Feb 1, 2019 via Android
    #2 又查了下资料发现 Catastrophic Cancellation 好像不是这个意思。。
    necomancer
        4
    necomancer  
       Mar 4, 2019
    因为 Numpy 主打数值计算,精度误差不可避免。希望 sin(pi) 是精确值可以考虑 Mathematica 或者 SymPy:

    In [1]: import sympy

    In [2]: sympy.pi
    Out[2]: pi

    In [3]: sympy.sin
    Out[3]: sin

    In [4]: sympy.sin(sympy.pi)
    Out[4]: 0
    necomancer
        5
    necomancer  
       Mar 4, 2019
    至于为什么 pi/2 更准:

    In [1]: 1.0 == 1.0
    Out[1]: True

    In [2]: 1.0 == 1.0+1e-16
    Out[2]: True

    In [3]: 1.0 == 1.0+1e-15
    Out[3]: False

    In [4]: 1.0 == 1.0+1e-16
    Out[4]: True

    In [5]: 1.0 == 1.0+1.2e-16
    Out[5]: False

    具体代码可以去查查
    https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/s_sin.c;hb=HEAD#l281

    do_sin 函数里似乎用了麦克劳林级数。所以返回的都是近似值。
    About     Help     Advertise     Blog     API     FAQ     Solana     3035 Online   Highest 6679       Select Language
    创意工作者们的社区
    World is powered by solitude
    VERSION: 3.9.8.5 36ms UTC 08:49 PVG 16:49 LAX 01:49 JFK 04:49
    Do have faith in what you're doing.
    ubao msn snddm index pchome yahoo rakuten mypaper meadowduck bidyahoo youbao zxmzxm asda bnvcg cvbfg dfscv mmhjk xxddc yybgb zznbn ccubao uaitu acv GXCV ET GDG YH FG BCVB FJFH CBRE CBC GDG ET54 WRWR RWER WREW WRWER RWER SDG EW SF DSFSF fbbs ubao fhd dfg ewr dg df ewwr ewwr et ruyut utut dfg fgd gdfgt etg dfgt dfgd ert4 gd fgg wr 235 wer3 we vsdf sdf gdf ert xcv sdf rwer hfd dfg cvb rwf afb dfh jgh bmn lgh rty gfds cxv xcv xcs vdas fdf fgd cv sdf tert sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf shasha9178 shasha9178 shasha9178 shasha9178 shasha9178 liflif2 liflif2 liflif2 liflif2 liflif2 liblib3 liblib3 liblib3 liblib3 liblib3 zhazha444 zhazha444 zhazha444 zhazha444 zhazha444 dende5 dende denden denden2 denden21 fenfen9 fenf619 fen619 fenfe9 fe619 sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf zhazh90 zhazh0 zhaa50 zha90 zh590 zho zhoz zhozh zhozho zhozho2 lislis lls95 lili95 lils5 liss9 sdf0ty987 sdft876 sdft9876 sdf09876 sd0t9876 sdf0ty98 sdf0976 sdf0ty986 sdf0ty96 sdf0t76 sdf0876 df0ty98 sf0t876 sd0ty76 sdy76 sdf76 sdf0t76 sdf0ty9 sdf0ty98 sdf0ty987 sdf0ty98 sdf6676 sdf876 sd876 sd876 sdf6 sdf6 sdf9876 sdf0t sdf06 sdf0ty9776 sdf0ty9776 sdf0ty76 sdf8876 sdf0t sd6 sdf06 s688876 sd688 sdf86