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最近刚开始学 python 和 fastapi, 按照 fastapi 教程学习时遇到个问题, 因为使用 sqlmodel 的 relationship, 导致两个模型文件相互导入, 然后报错了, 根据官方文档的解决办法, 使用 TYPE_CHECKING 和字符串版本类型后暂时解决了报错.
但是当接口通过 response_model 指定了数据模型(非表模型)作为返回类型时, 又出现了报错, 报错提示如下:
`TypeAdapter[typing.Annotated[app.models.teams.TeamPublicWithUser, FieldInfo(annotation=TeamPublicWithUser, required=True)]]` is not fully defined; you should define `typing.Annotated[app.models.teams.TeamPublicWithUser, FieldInfo(annotation=TeamPublicWithUser, required=True)]` and all referenced types, then call `.rebuild()` on the instance. 求各位大佬帮忙看看, 哪里有问题. python 版本用的是 3.12, 具体代码如下
models/users.py
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional from sqlmodel import Field, Relationship, SQLModel if TYPE_CHECKING: from .teams import Team, TeamPublic class UserBase(SQLModel): username: str = Field(index=True, max_length=255, unique=True) email: str | NOne= Field(default=None, index=True, max_length=255) is_active: bool = True is_superuser: bool = False full_name: str | NOne= Field(default=None, max_length=255) team_id: int | NOne= Field(default=None, foreign_key="team.id") class User(UserBase, table=True): id: int | NOne= Field(default=None, primary_key=True) hashed_password: str team: Optional["Team"] = Relationship(back_populates="members") class UserPublic(UserBase): id: int class UserPublicWithTeam(UserPublic): team: Optional["TeamPublic"] = None models/teams.py
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, List from sqlmodel import Field, Relationship, SQLModel if TYPE_CHECKING: from .users import User, UserPublic class TeamBase(SQLModel): name: str = Field(max_length=255) class Team(TeamBase, table=True): id: int | NOne= Field(default=None, primary_key=True) members: List["User"] = Relationship(back_populates="team") class TeamPublic(TeamBase): id: int class TeamPublicWithUser(TeamPublic): members: List["UserPublic"] = [] router/users.py
# 用户相关接口 from sqlmodel import and_, select from app.api.deps import SessionDep from app.models.users import ( User, UserPublicWithTeam, ) from app.new_router import new_router router = new_router(prefix="/users", tags=["用户管理"]) @router.get("/{id}", summary="获取用户详情", response_model=UserPublicWithTeam) async def get_user_api(db: SessionDep, id: int): user = db.exec(select(User).where(and_(User.id == id, User.is_active))).first() return user router/teams.py
# 团队相关接口 from sqlmodel import select from app.api.deps import SessionDep from app.models.teams import ( Team, TeamPublicWithUser, ) from app.new_router import new_router router = new_router(prefix="/teams", tags=["团队管理"]) @router.get("/{id}", summary="获取团队详情", response_model=TeamPublicWithUser) async def get_team_api(db: SessionDep, id: int): team = db.exec(select(Team).where(Team.id == id)).first() return team  | 1 ylei 3 小时 18 分钟前 . ├── db.py ├── main.py ├── models │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── __pycache__ │ │ ├── __init__.cpython-311.pyc │ │ ├── teams.cpython-311.pyc │ │ └── users.cpython-311.pyc │ ├── teams.py │ └── users.py ├── __pycache__ │ ├── db.cpython-311.pyc │ └── main.cpython-311.pyc ├── pyproject.toml ├── README.md ├── router │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── __pycache__ │ │ ├── __init__.cpython-311.pyc │ │ ├── teams.cpython-311.pyc │ │ └── users.cpython-311.pyc │ ├── teams.py │ └── users.py ├── test.db └── uv.lock db.py from fastapi import Depends from sqlmodel import Session from typing import Generator from sqlmodel import SQLModel, create_engine DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./test.db" engine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL, echo=True) def get_session() -> Generator[Session, None, None]: with Session(engine) as session: yield session SessiOnDep= Depends(get_session) def create_db_and_tables(): SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine) teams.py from sqlmodel import select from sqlmodel import Session from db import SessionDep from models.teams import ( Team, TeamPublicWithUser, ) from fastapi import APIRouter router = APIRouter(prefix="/teams", tags=["团队管理"]) @router.get("/{id}", summary="获取团队详情", response_model=TeamPublicWithUser) async def get_team_api(id: int, db: Session = SessionDep, ): team = db.exec(select(Team).where(Team.id == id)).first() return team |
| 2 ylei 2 小时 43 分钟前 我 get 到问题了是 models/teams.py 和 models/users.py 相互引用 我觉得可以从两个方面入手 1. 需求上 users.py 里的表是否可以不依赖 teams 2. 存在外键的表独立出来 users_teams.py? |
 | 3 yingxiangyu 2 小时 40 分钟前 把循环引用的 import 放到 class 里面，不要放到文件开头 |
 | 4 hugozach 2 小时 37 分钟前 使用依赖注入设计模式 |
 | 5 laminux29 2 小时 36 分钟前 X-Y 问题。 从建模上来说，Team 是由 User 构成，Team 引用 User 是正确的，但 User 为什么要引用 Team ？ 这明显是个建模错误，而非循环导入问题。 |
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