如何把 pgrep 输出结果中需要用单引号包起来的参数包起来？

你去/proc/pid/cmdline 里边按照\0 重新组装一下命令行吧

@julyclyde 能具体一点吗？我想当伸手党。。。。

我自己简单研究了一下，你说的这种方法和 pgrep 没有什么区别：

d@develop:~$ cat /proc/19754/cmdline | xargs -0 echo | perl -0pe 's/ -/ \\\n-/g'
qemu-system-x86_64 \
-machine q35,accel=kvm \
-cpu host \
-m 1G \
-kernel /home/d/kernel/kernel \
-initrd /home/d/rd/initramfs.cpio.gz \
-append cOnsole=ttyS0 test="11 22" \
-netdev {"type":"tap","vhost":true,"ifname":"eth_0","id":"hostnet0","script":"","downscript":""} \
-device {"driver":"virtio-net-pci","netdev":"hostnet0","id":"net0","mac":"52:54:00:c0:45:c7"} \
-nographic

@wniming 其实按说你可以无脑把里边每个字段都加上引号吧？

你下一步打算怎么使用这个内容？

别用 shell 了，用 python 调 os.execvp, 把参数用数组的形式传进去，就不需要引号和转义。

@julyclyde #3 是的，最简单的方式就是每个选项和参数都用单引号包起来，但是这样不美观，我是想把命令行存到日志文件里，就像 libvirt 那样，libvirt 就把日志里的 qemu 命令行格式化成了我想要的效果：

/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 \
-name guest=win11-23h2,debug-threads=on \
-S \
-object '{"qom-type":"secret","id":"masterKey0","format":"raw","file":"/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/domain-9-win11-23h2/master-key.aes"}' \
-blockdev '{"driver":"file","filename":"/usr/share/edk2/ovmf/OVMF_CODE_4M.qcow2","node-name":"libvirt-pflash0-storage","auto-read-only":true,"discard":"unmap"}' \
-blockdev '{"node-name":"libvirt-pflash0-format","read-only":true,"driver":"qcow2","file":"libvirt-pflash0-storage","backing":null}' \
-blockdev '{"driver":"file","filename":"/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/nvram/win11-23h2_VARS.qcow2","node-name":"libvirt-pflash1-storage","auto-read-only":true,"discard":"unmap"}' \
-blockdev '{"node-name":"libvirt-pflash1-format","read-only":false,"driver":"qcow2","file":"libvirt-pflash1-storage","backing":null}' \
-machine pc-q35-8.2,usb=off,vmport=off,smm=on,dump-guest-core=off,memory-backend=pc.ram,pflash0=libvirt-pflash0-format,pflash1=libvirt-pflash1-format,hpet=off,acpi=on \
-accel kvm \
-cpu host,migratable=on,host-phys-bits=on,host-phys-bits-limit=39 \
-m size=16777216k \
-object '{"qom-type":"memory-backend-memfd","id":"pc.ram","hugetlb":true,"hugetlbsize":1073741824,"share":true,"x-use-canonical-path-for-ramblock-id":false,"prealloc":true,"size":17179869184}' \
-overcommit mem-lock=off \
-smp 8,sockets=1,dies=1,clusters=1,cores=8,threads=1 \
-uuid a7849adb-a74b-406-a0a6-738c5e689a8a \
-no-user-config \
-nodefaults \
-chardev socket,id=charmonitor,fd=23,server=on,wait=off \
-mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control \
-rtc base=utc,driftfix=slew \
-global kvm-pit.lost_tick_policy=delay \
-no-shutdown \
-global ICH9-LPC.disable_s3=1 \
-global ICH9-LPC.disable_s4=1 \
-boot menu=on,strict=on \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":16,"chassis":1,"id":"pci.1","bus":"pcie.0","multifunction":true,"addr":"0x2"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":17,"chassis":2,"id":"pci.2","bus":"pcie.0","addr":"0x2.0x1"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":18,"chassis":3,"id":"pci.3","bus":"pcie.0","addr":"0x2.0x2"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":19,"chassis":4,"id":"pci.4","bus":"pcie.0","addr":"0x2.0x3"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":20,"chassis":5,"id":"pci.5","bus":"pcie.0","addr":"0x2.0x4"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":21,"chassis":6,"id":"pci.6","bus":"pcie.0","addr":"0x2.0x5"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":22,"chassis":7,"id":"pci.7","bus":"pcie.0","addr":"0x2.0x6"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":23,"chassis":8,"id":"pci.8","bus":"pcie.0","addr":"0x2.0x7"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":24,"chassis":9,"id":"pci.9","bus":"pcie.0","multifunction":true,"addr":"0x3"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":25,"chassis":10,"id":"pci.10","bus":"pcie.0","addr":"0x3.0x1"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":26,"chassis":11,"id":"pci.11","bus":"pcie.0","addr":"0x3.0x2"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":27,"chassis":12,"id":"pci.12","bus":"pcie.0","addr":"0x3.0x3"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":28,"chassis":13,"id":"pci.13","bus":"pcie.0","addr":"0x3.0x4"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":29,"chassis":14,"id":"pci.14","bus":"pcie.0","addr":"0x3.0x5"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-root-port","port":8,"chassis":15,"id":"pci.15","bus":"pcie.0","addr":"0x1"}' \
-device '{"driver":"pcie-pci-bridge","id":"pci.16","bus":"pci.12","addr":"0x0"}' \
-device '{"driver":"qemu-xhci","p2":15,"p3":15,"id":"usb","bus":"pci.2","addr":"0x0"}' \
-device '{"driver":"virtio-scsi-pci","id":"scsi0","bus":"pci.7","addr":"0x0"}' \
-device '{"driver":"virtio-serial-pci","id":"virtio-serial0","bus":"pci.3","addr":"0x0"}' \
-blockdev '{"driver":"host_device","filename":"/dev/thin/win11_23h2","aio":"native","node-name":"libvirt-1-storage","read-only":false,"discard":"unmap","cache":{"direct":true,"no-flush":false}}' \
-device '{"driver":"virtio-blk-pci","bus":"pci.4","addr":"0x0","drive":"libvirt-1-storage","id":"virtio-disk0","bootindex":1,"write-cache":"on"}' \
-netdev '{"type":"tap","fd":"24","vhost":true,"vhostfd":"32","id":"hostnet0"}' \
-device '{"driver":"virtio-net-pci","netdev":"hostnet0","id":"net0","mac":"52:54:00:1a:14:2d","bus":"pci.1","addr":"0x0"}' \
-netdev '{"type":"tap","fd":"33","vhost":true,"vhostfd":"34","id":"hostnet1"}' \
-device '{"driver":"virtio-net-pci","netdev":"hostnet1","id":"net1","mac":"52:54:00:e1:84:76","bus":"pci.11","addr":"0x0"}' \
-chardev spicevmc,id=charchannel0,name=vdagent \
-device '{"driver":"virtserialport","bus":"virtio-serial0.0","nr":2,"chardev":"charchannel0","id":"channel0","name":"com.redhat.spice.0"}' \
-chardev socket,id=charchannel1,fd=22,server=on,wait=off \
-device '{"driver":"virtserialport","bus":"virtio-serial0.0","nr":1,"chardev":"charchannel1","id":"channel1","name":"org.qemu.guest_agent.0"}' \
-audiodev '{"id":"audio1","driver":"spice"}' \
-spice port=5900,addr=0.0.0.0,disable-ticketing=on,image-compression=off,seamless-migration=on \
-global ICH9-LPC.noreboot=off \
-watchdog-action reset \
-chardev spicevmc,id=charredir0,name=usbredir \
-device '{"driver":"usb-redir","chardev":"charredir0","id":"redir0","bus":"usb.0","port":"2"}' \
-chardev spicevmc,id=charredir1,name=usbredir \
-device '{"driver":"usb-redir","chardev":"charredir1","id":"redir1","bus":"usb.0","port":"3"}' \
-chardev spicevmc,id=charredir2,name=usbredir \
-device '{"driver":"usb-redir","chardev":"charredir2","id":"redir2","bus":"usb.0","port":"4"}' \
-chardev spicevmc,id=charredir3,name=usbredir \
-device '{"driver":"usb-redir","chardev":"charredir3","id":"redir3","bus":"usb.0","port":"5"}' \
-device '{"driver":"vfio-pci","host":"0000:08:00.0","id":"hostdev0","bus":"pci.5","addr":"0x0","romfile":"/home/d/.local/share/libvirt/rom/Navi_23.rom"}' \
-device '{"driver":"vfio-pci","host":"0000:08:00.1","id":"hostdev1","bus":"pci.8","addr":"0x0"}' \
-object '{"qom-type":"rng-random","id":"objrng0","filename":"/dev/urandom"}' \
-device '{"driver":"virtio-rng-pci","rng":"objrng0","id":"rng0","bus":"pci.6","addr":"0x0"}' \
-device '{"driver":"usb-host","hostbus":1,"hostport":"7","bus":"usb.0"}' \
-device '{"driver":"usb-host","hostbus":1,"hostport":"11","bus":"usb.0"}' \
-device '{"driver":"usb-host","hostbus":1,"hostport":"10.4","bus":"usb.0"}' \
-device '{"driver":"usb-host","hostbus":1,"hostport":"10.2","bus":"usb.0"}' \
-sandbox off \
-msg timestamp=on

只把需要用单引号包起来的参数用单引包起来。

@billlee 我是想把 qemu 的命令行保存到文件里

https://gist.github.com/sunfkny/90f4a99c7444a840bb5f651c758a38f3
还得是 python, 核心就是\0 分割 cmdline 之后 shlex.join

@sunfkny 谢谢，完美解决

@wniming 只用单引号包起来是不能处理所有情况的，因为参数里可能本身就有单引号。如果需求只是“保存”，那按照 /proc/$pid/cmdline 原样保存就行了。如果其实你需要的是转换成 shell 格式，那需要遍历每个参数，对参数做 shell escape

xargs -0 /proc/<pid>/cmdline > result.txt

@guanzhangzhang xargs -0 < /proc/<pid>/cmdline > result.txt