请教 Debian 12.6 的 vi 和 vim.tiny 指向同一文件却执行效果不同疑问

执行 vi 和执行 vim.tiny 为什么是两种不同的模式？ 这两个不是指向的是同一个文件 /usr/bin/vim.tiny 吗？ 不同的表现在于：

• 无法使用退格键 backspace
• 方向键变字母

以下是系统的一些信息：

root@debian:~# whereis vi vi: /usr/bin/vi /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1.gz root@debian:~# whereis vim.tiny vim.tiny: /usr/bin/vim.tiny 

root@debian:~# ls -la /usr/bin/ | grep vi -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14560 Sep 16 2023 dbus-update-activation-environment lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 May 4 2023 rview -> /etc/alternatives/rview -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18808 Jun 16 05:44 systemd-detect-virt lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 May 4 2023 vi -> /etc/alternatives/vi lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 May 4 2023 view -> /etc/alternatives/view -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1629584 May 4 2023 vim.tiny 

root@debian:~# ls -la /etc/alternatives/ | grep vi lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 May 4 2023 ex -> /usr/bin/vim.tiny lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 May 4 2023 ex.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 ex.da.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/da/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 ex.de.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/de/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 ex.fr.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/fr/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 ex.it.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/it/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 ex.ja.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/ja/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 ex.pl.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/pl/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 ex.ru.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/ru/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 ex.tr.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/tr/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 May 4 2023 rview -> /usr/bin/vim.tiny lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 May 4 2023 vi -> /usr/bin/vim.tiny lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 May 4 2023 vi.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 vi.da.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/da/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 vi.de.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/de/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 May 4 2023 view -> /usr/bin/vim.tiny lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 May 4 2023 view.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 view.da.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/da/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 view.de.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/de/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 view.fr.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/fr/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 view.it.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/it/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 view.ja.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/ja/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 view.pl.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/pl/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 view.ru.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/ru/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 view.tr.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/tr/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 vi.fr.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/fr/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 vi.it.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/it/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 vi.ja.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/ja/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 vi.pl.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/pl/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 vi.ru.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/ru/man1/vim.1.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 4 2023 vi.tr.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/tr/man1/vim.1.gz 

root@debian:~# ls -la /etc/vim total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 05:17 . drwxr-xr-x 69 root root 4096 Aug 30 23:37 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2553 May 4 2023 vimrc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 662 May 4 2023 vimrc.tiny 

root@debian:~# cat /etc/vim/vimrc " $VIMRUNTIME refers to the versioned system directory where Vim stores its " system runtime files -- /usr/share/vim/vim<version>. " " Vim will load $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim if the user does not have a vimrc. " This happens after /etc/vim/vimrc(.local) are loaded, so it will override " any settings in these files. " " If you don't want that to happen, uncomment the below line to prevent " defaults.vim from being loaded. " let g:skip_defaults_vim = 1 " " If you would rather _use_ default.vim's settings, but have the system or " user vimrc override its settings, then uncomment the line below. " source $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim " All Debian-specific settings are defined in $VIMRUNTIME/debian.vim and " sourced by the call to :runtime you can find below. If you wish to change " any of those settings, you should do it in this file or " /etc/vim/vimrc.local, since debian.vim will be overwritten everytime an " upgrade of the vim packages is performed. It is recommended to make changes " after sourcing debian.vim so your settings take precedence. runtime! debian.vim " Uncomment the next line to make Vim more Vi-compatible " NOTE: debian.vim sets 'nocompatible'. Setting 'compatible' changes " numerous options, so any other options should be set AFTER changing " 'compatible'. "set compatible " Vim5 and later versions support syntax highlighting. Uncommenting the next " line enables syntax highlighting by default. "syntax on " If using a dark background within the editing area and syntax highlighting " turn on this option as well "set background=dark " Uncomment the following to have Vim jump to the last position when " reopening a file "au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal! g'\"" | endif " Uncomment the following to have Vim load indentation rules and plugins " according to the detected filetype. "filetype plugin indent on " The following are commented out as they cause vim to behave a lot " differently from regular Vi. They are highly recommended though. "set showcmd " Show (partial) command in status line. "set showmatch " Show matching brackets. "set ignorecase " Do case insensitive matching "set smartcase " Do smart case matching "set incsearch " Incremental search "set autowrite " Automatically save before commands like :next and :make "set hidden " Hide buffers when they are abandoned "set mouse=a " Enable mouse usage (all modes) " Source a global configuration file if available if filereadable("/etc/vim/vimrc.local") source /etc/vim/vimrc.local endif 

root@debian:~# cat /etc/vim//vimrc.tiny " Vim configuration file, in effect when invoked as "vi". The aim of this " configuration file is to provide a Vim environment as compatible with the " original vi as possible. Note that ~/.vimrc configuration files as other " configuration files in the runtimepath are still sourced. " When Vim is invoked differently ("vim", "view", "evim", ...) this file is " _not_ sourced; /etc/vim/vimrc and/or /etc/vim/gvimrc are. " Debian system-wide default configuration Vim set runtimepath=~/.vim,/var/lib/vim/addons,/usr/share/vim/vimfiles,/usr/share/vim/vim90,/usr/share/vim/vimfiles/after,/var/lib/vim/addons/after,~/.vim/after set compatible " vim: set ft=vim: