V2EX hydrosphere

Hydrosphere

定义 Definition

hydrosphere 指地球上所有水的总体,包括海洋、河流、湖泊、冰川、地下水以及大气中的水蒸气。中文通常翻译为"水圈"。

发音 Pronunciation

/ha.dr.sfr/

例句 Examples

The hydrosphere covers about 71% of the Earth's surface.
水圈覆盖了地球表面约71%的面积。

Scientists study the hydrosphere to understand how climate change affects the distribution and movement of water across oceans, glaciers, and underground reserves.
科学家研究水圈,以了解气候变化如何影响水在海洋、冰川和地下储层之间的分布与运动。

词源 Etymology

该词由希腊语词根组合而成:hydro- 源自希腊语 δωρ(hydōr),意为"水";**-sphere** 源自希腊语 σφαρα(sphaira),意为"球体"。合在一起即"水的球体/圈层"。该词在19世纪随着地球科学的发展被创造出来,用于描述地球水体系统的整体概念,与 atmosphere(大气圈)、lithosphere(岩石圈)等词构成一组地球圈层术语。

相关词汇 Related Words

文学与学术引用 Literary & Academic References

  • 弗拉基米尔维尔纳茨基(Vladimir Vernadsky)在其经典著作《生物圈》(The Biosphere, 1926)中广泛讨论了水圈与生物圈之间的相互作用。
  • 雷切尔卡森(Rachel Carson)的《我们周围的海洋》(The Sea Around Us, 1951)虽未频繁使用该术语,但深入描绘了水圈中海洋系统的运作与奥秘。
  • 在现代环境科学教材如《Earth Science》(Tarbuck & Lutgens)中,hydrosphere 是核心概念之一,用于阐述地球系统科学中的水循环。
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