{ "version": "https://jsonfeed.org/version/1", "title": "Alpine Linux", "description": "Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.", "home_page_url": "go/alpine", "feed_url": "feed/alpine.json", "icon": "https://cdn.v2ex.com/navatar/e5e6/3da7/1083_large.png?m=1647251308", "favicon": "https://cdn.v2ex.com/navatar/e5e6/3da7/1083_normal.png?m=1647251308", "items": [ { "author": { "url": "member/wenerme", "name": "wenerme", "avatar": "https://cdn.v2ex.com/gravatar/4d4f9562b20ad0ceaa05a4553cccf107?s=73&d=retro" }, "url": "t/1177472", "title": "Alpine 3.23 \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86", "id": "t/1177472", "date_published": "2025-12-08T01:34:19+00:00", "content_html": "

Alpine 3.23 \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86

\n

https://alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.23.0-released.html

\u7248\u672c\u5347\u7ea7

\n
• Linux 6.18
\n
• Node 24
\n
• Go 1.25
\n
• PostgreSQL 18
\n
• OpenJDK 25
\n
• \nValkey 9 - \u66ff\u4ee3 Redis
  \n
  • \u867d\u7136\u73b0\u5728 Redis \u5df2\u7ecf\u534f\u8bae\u53c8\u6539\u56de\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u66ff\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u4e86
  \n
  • \u652f\u6301 HASH field ttl
  \n
  • Cluster \u6a21\u5f0f\u652f\u6301\u591a DB
  \n
  • \u539f\u5b50 SLOT \u8fc1\u79fb
  \n
  \n
\n
• \nZFS 2.4
  \n
  • \u5b98\u65b9\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u5305\u542b\u7684 RC \u7248\u672c
  \n
  • \nScrub Error Only
    \n
    • zpool scrub -e
    \n
    • \u53ea\u4f1a\u53bb\u626b\u63cf\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u5b83\u5df2\u77e5\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5757, \u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u5168\u76d8\u626b\u63cf
    \n
    • \u6570\u636e\u4fee\u590d\u65f6\u95f4\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e: \u51e0\u5929 -> \u51e0\u5206\u949f
    \n
    \n
  \n
  • \nVDEV Properties
    \n
    • \u4ee5\u524d\u662f pool \u548c dataset \u7ef4\u5ea6, \u73b0\u5728\u652f\u6301 vdev \u7ef4\u5ea6
    \n
    • \u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9 SSD \u548c HDD \u5206\u522b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c5e\u6027
    \n
    \n
  \n
  \n
\n
• \nDocker 29
  \n
  • \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e9b\u8c03\u7528 Docker \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u60c5\u51b5\uff0cDocker 29 \u53d8\u5316\u8f83\u5927
  \n
  \n
\n
• \napk-tools v3
  \n
  • \u4f9d\u8d56\u4f18\u5316: SAT Solver, Backtracking
  \n
  • \u7f51\u7edc\u4f18\u5316: HTTP/2, \u5e76\u884c\u4e0b\u8f7d, \u91cd\u8bd5, \u65ad\u7535\u7eed\u4f20
  \n
  • \u4e3a\u672a\u6765 APK v2 -> APKv3 \u505a\u51c6\u5907: ADB - Alpine Data Blob
  \n
  • \u652f\u6301 Xattr & ACL
  \n
  • \u53bb\u6389\u4e86 ftp \u652f\u6301
  \n
  • https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/apk-tools/-/releases/v3.0.0
  \n
  \n
\n
• ffmpeg 8
\n

\u53d8\u5316

\n
• \nlinux-edge -> linux-stable
  \n
  • \u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u6eda\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0
  \n
  • \u914d\u7f6e\u548c linux-lts \u76f8\u540c
  \n
  \n
\n
• \nnftables-rulesets
  \n
  • \u5305\u542b\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219 /usr/share/nftables.avail/
  \n
  \n
\n
• udev rules \u88ab\u62c6\u5206\u5230\u4e86 $pkgname-udev
\n
• \nsystemd \u670d\u52a1\u5b50\u5305 $pkgname-systemd
  \n
  • systemd \u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u652f\u6301 musl \u4e86
  \n
  • \u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9762\u5411 postmarketOS
  \n
  \n
\n
• \ncurl HTTP/3
  \n
  • nghttp3, openssl-quic
  \n
  \n
\n

\u5176\u4ed6

\n
• \u5ef6\u540e\u4e86 /usr \u5408\u5e76
\n

\n
• https://wener.me/notes/os/alpine/version
\n

AlpineLinux 3.19

\n
• Linux kernel 6.1 -> 6.6
\n
• \n\ud83c\udd99 \u5347\u7ea7\u5305
  \n
  • NodeJS 20 LTS
  \n
  • Go 1.21
  \n
  • LLVM 17
  \n
  • PostgreSQL 16
  \n
  • OpenJDK 21
  \n
  • PHP 8.3
  \n
  • Rust 1.72
  \n
  • ZFS 2.2 - \u652f\u6301 overlayfs - docker/containerd/k3s \u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981 zvol
  \n
  \n
\n
• \n\u652f\u6301 Raspberry Pi 5
  \n
  • linux-rpi4 & linux-rpi2 -> linux-rpi
  \n
  \n
\n
• \nopenrc
  \n
  • \u79fb\u9664 /sbin/rc - \u786e\u4fdd /etc/inittab \u4f7f\u7528 /sbin/openrc
  \n
  \n
\n
• \niptables-nft \u9ed8\u8ba4
  \n
  • symlink /sbin/iptables{,-save,-restore} -> xtables-nft-multi
  \n
  • \u800c\u4e0d\u662f xtables-legacy-multi
  \n
  • \u4f7f\u7528 nftables \u800c\u4e0d\u662f iptable
  \n
  • \u65e7\u7684 iptables \u5305 iptables-legacy, iptables-legacy-save
  \n
  \n
\n
• https://alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.19.0-released.html
\n

\u5386\u53f2\u7248\u672c\u53d8\u5316 https://github.com/wenerme/wener/blob/master/notes/os/alpine/alpine-version.md

\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u3001\u817e\u8baf\u4e91\u3001\u7269\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u865a\u62df\u673a\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u7684 alpinelinux

\n
1. \u73af\u5883\u90fd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u719f\u7ec3
\n
2. \u5c0f /\u5feb - \u963f\u91cc\u4e91 ECS \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e00\u4e2a \u51e0\u5341 MB \u7684\u955c\u50cf\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4ece 0 \u5b89\u88c5\u53ea\u9700\u8981 3 \u5206\u949f
\n
3. \u7b80\u5355 - \u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5185\u800c\u5916\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u6240\u6709 alpine \u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e debian \u548c centos \u6211\u90fd\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u592a\u590d\u6742
\n
4. \u8ddf\u4e0a\u65f6\u4ee3 - \u5185\u6838 \u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u7684 lts \uff0c\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u5229\u7528\u4e0a\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u73b0\u5728 linux \u5185\u6838\u652f\u6301 io_uring, ntfs
\n
5. \u5feb\u901f\u66f4\u65b0 - \u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u54cd\u5e94\u975e\u5e38\u5feb - \u56e0\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f
\n

\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350

\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f

\n
1. \u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60 - ubuntu \u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684 - \u6700\u65b0 Linux \u5f00\u59cb\u8981\u96c6\u6210 Navdia \u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u597d\u8f6c
\n
2. \u5546\u52a1\u7528\u684c\u9762\u7cfb\u7edf - \u9ed8\u8ba4 xface - \u751f\u6001 \u548c\u4f53\u9a8c\u6ca1\u6709 ubuntu \u597d
\n
3. \u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5907 - alpine \u652f\u6301\u7684 arch \u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709 debian \u7684\u591a\uff0c\u5982\u679c arch \u652f\u6301\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651 alpine
\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0calpinelinux \u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u5236\u5316 os \uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 k3sos \u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u88c5\u597d\u7684 os \u3002

\u53d1\u5e03\u5185\u5bb9 https://alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.12.0-released.html \u4e3b\u8981\u53d8\u5316

\n
• Linux 5.4.43 - LTS \u7248\u672c - 3.11 \u76f8\u540c
\n
• Qemu 5 - Qemu 4 \u548c Qemu 5 \u53d8\u5316\u86ee\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u7528\u4e86
\n
• \u65b0\u589e mips64 \u67b6\u6784
\n

AlpineLinux \u5c0f\u5de7\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u8bd5\uff0cDocker \u865a\u62df\u673a \u7269\u7406\u4e3b\u673a \u6811\u8393\u6d3e \u90fd\u597d\u7528\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u62e9 Alpine \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c1 https://github.com/wenerme/wener/blob/master/tricks/ops/os/alpine/alpine-intro.md

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9047\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e9b\u5305\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u91cc wener \u662f\u6211\u3002

Docker \u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e Alpine Linux \u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 kill \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u5417\uff1f\u6bd4\u5982kill -9 pid\uff0ckill \u4e5f\u6ca1\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u662f kill \u540e\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u4f6c\u9047\u5230\u8fc7\u5417\uff1f

\u8b6c\u5982\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u7528\u6237\n\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u65f6\u533a\ndocker \u7684 alpine \u4e0d\u652f\u6301 i18n\uff0c\u5bf9 java \u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u6709\u5565\u5f71\u54cd\u5417\uff1f

apk \u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bb0\u5f97\u4ee5\u524d 91 \u91cc\u6709\u4eba\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u505a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a UML \u5305\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u662f\u542b\u6709 BBR \u7684\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u662f\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\uff1f

\u25b6 docker images\nREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE\nyobasystems/alpine-mariadb latest f8804eea22fd 5 days ago 154MB\nmariadb latest 901583bfdf5a 9 days ago 367MB\n

mariadb \u5b98\u65b9\u7528\u7684\u662f ubuntu\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u76f8\u5dee 150M \u4e86\u3002

Dockerfile \u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

FROM ubuntu:latest AS build\nLABEL author=\"fourstring\"\n\nARG NGINX_VER=1.15.7\nARG NGINX_URL=http://nginx.org/download/nginx-${NGINX_VER}.tar.gz\nARG OPENSSL_VER=1.1.1a\nARG OPENSSL_URL=https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-${OPENSSL_VER}.tar.gz\nARG PCRE_VER=8.42\nARG PCRE_URL=https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-${PCRE_VER}.tar.gz\nARG ZLIB_VER=1.2.11\nARG ZLIB_URL=https://zlib.net/zlib-${ZLIB_VER}.tar.gz\nARG NGINX_BUILD_PARAS='--prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-cc-opt=-static --with-ld-opt=-static --with-threads --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-openssl=../openssl-${OPENSSL_VER} --with-pcre=../pcre-${PCRE_VER} --with-pcre-jit --with-zlib=../zlib-${ZLIB_VER}'\nARG APT_PACKAGES='build-essential wget tar upx'\nARG APT_REMOVE_PACKAGES='build-essential upx'\nARG MAX_THREADS=3\n\nRUN groupadd -g 50000 www && \\\n useradd -g 50000 -u 50000 -s /sbin/nologin www\n\nRUN apt -y update && \\\n apt -y install ${APT_PACKAGES} && \\\n cd /usr/local/src && \\\n wget ${ZLIB_URL} && \\\n wget ${PCRE_URL} && \\\n wget ${OPENSSL_URL} && \\\n wget ${NGINX_URL} && \\\n tar xzf nginx-${NGINX_VER}.tar.gz && \\\n tar xzf openssl-${OPENSSL_VER}.tar.gz && \\\n tar xzf zlib-${ZLIB_VER}.tar.gz && \\ \n tar xzf pcre-${PCRE_VER}.tar.gz && \\\n cd nginx-${NGINX_VER} && \\\n ./configure ${NGINX_BUILD_PARAS} && \\\n make -j${MAX_THREADS} && \\\n make install && \\\n upx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx && \\\n mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost \n\nFROM alpine\n\nRUN adduser -g 50000 -u 50000 -s /sbin/nologin -D -H www \n\nCOPY --from=build --chown=www:www /usr/local/nginx /usr/local/nginx\nCOPY nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf\nCOPY xxx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost\n\nEXPOSE 80\nEXPOSE 443\nUSER www\nCMD [ \"/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx\",\"-g\",\"daemon off;\" ]\n

\u73b0\u5728\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8be1\u5f02\u7684\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u3002

\n
1. \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u7684USER www\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519getpwnam(\"www\") (No such file or directory)\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u884c nginx \u7684\u62a5\u9519\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0(No such file or directory)\uff0c\u6211\u7528 Google \u641c\u7d22\u540e\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u884c nginx \u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u52a0USER www\u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62a5\u9519\u786e\u5b9e\u4e5f\u6d88\u5931\u4e86
\n
2. \u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4e\u6743\u9650\u8fd0\u884c\uff0cnginx \u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 80 \u548c 443 \u7aef\u53e3
\n
3. 1.\u91cc\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u89e3\u91ca\u6211\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u5b58\u7591\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b nginx \u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6743\u9650\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9519\u8bef
\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u8bf7\u95ee\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u6211\u5bf9 Linux \u6216\u8005 nginx \u7528\u6237\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f\u8c22\u8c22

\u5206\u4eab\u4e24\u4efd\u81ea\u5df1\u535a\u5ba2\u5728\u7528 Dockerfile \u3002

\u4e00\u4efd alpine-php5-fpm \uff0c\u4e00\u4efd alpine-php7-fpm \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5 build \u4e86\u5c31\u80fd\u7528\uff1a

https://gist.github.com/phith0n/373cc078a8b25a20432408d5d7556770

php5 \u7248\u672c: 5.6.21
\nphp7 \u7248\u672c: 7.0.6

\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5 mysql \u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53ea\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86 mysqli \u548c pdo_mysql \u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u90fd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86 composer \u3002

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u955c\u50cf\u4ec5\u5360 70M \u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7231\u4e0a alpine-linux \u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1 15G \u5c0f\u786c\u76d8 VPS \u6765\u8bf4\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u6551\u661f~