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Clan

定义 Definition

clan：宗族；氏族；家族集团。指由共同祖先、血缘或历史纽带联系在一起的一群人；也可泛指关系紧密、具有共同身份或利益的团体。（另有用法：某些动物的“群体/家族”。）

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/kln/

例句 Examples

A clan lived in the valley for generations.
一个宗族在山谷里世代居住。

In the novel, rival clans struggle for power, loyalty, and land.
在小说中，对立的氏族为权力、忠诚与土地而斗争。

词源 Etymology

clan 来自苏格兰盖尔语 clann，原意是“孩子、子女”，进一步引申为“子孙后代组成的家族/宗族”。后来进入英语，常用来指苏格兰高地等地区的氏族体系，也逐渐扩展为更一般的“紧密团体”。

相关词 Related Words

文学作品 Literary Works

Sir Walter Scott《Waverley》（常见苏格兰氏族/家族背景描写）
James Hogg《The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner》（涉及苏格兰社会与宗族/派别张力的语境）
William Shakespeare《Macbeth》（苏格兰贵族家族与忠诚体系的叙述中常出现与“clan”相近的文化语境；不同版本/注释中亦常用 clan 概括这种氏族结构）

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