V2EX adposition

Adposition

Definition / 释义

adposition(介词类词/介词性词):语言学术语,指一类用来表示名词(或名词短语)与句中其他成分之间关系的功能词。它可以出现在名词短语之前(如英语常见的 preposition “介词”)或之后(如某些语言中的 postposition “后置词”)。
(注:在英语里,多数 adpositions 具体表现为 prepositions。)

Pronunciation / 发音

/dpzn/

Examples / 例句

In English, “in” is an adposition.
在英语里,“in” 是一种介词类词(adposition)。

Some languages use postpositions rather than prepositions, but both are types of adpositions that mark grammatical relationships like location or time.
有些语言用后置词而不是介词,但两者都属于介词类词(adposition),用来标记位置、时间等语法关系。

Etymology / 词源

adposition 来自拉丁语构词:**ad-**(“向、到”)+ position(“放置、位置”)。字面意思接近“放在……旁边/相对于……放置的词”,强调这类词与名词短语的相对位置关系(在前或在后)。

Related Words / 相关词

Literary Works / 文学作品

  • The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language(Rodney Huddleston & Geoffrey K. Pullum)语法学经典著作中讨论介词体系时常涉及 adposition 的分类视角。
  • Language Typology and Syntactic Description(Timothy Shopen 编)类型学与句法描述中常用 adposition 来跨语言比较介词/后置词系统。
  • *The World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS)*(Dryer & Haspelmath 编)在跨语言特征描述(如介词/后置词分布)中常出现与 adposition 相关的术语体系。
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